Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial on Multidrug Resistance Klebsiella Pneumonia: A Review

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae)is a common microorganism for different infections, including
respiratory, urinary tract, and biliary diseases, where immunocompromised individuals are directly
affected by this bacterium. However, with the emergence of hypervirulent strains, individuals,
whether healthy or immunocompetent, are equally susceptible to K. pneumoniae infections. This
problem is diagnosed by the wide spreading of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the environment with
multiple resistance mechanisms, which are the main challenges for an effective treatment. This put
physicians in an inflexible confusion because of the limitation of medical treatment options. Among
many remedy substances, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) showed remarkable antibacterial
properties versus many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This work focuses on presenting
the influence of these NPs on the expression of genes in charged in generating the K. pneumoniae
capsule. Furthermore, perspectives for applying ZnO NPs in clinical practices are also discussed. As
the in vivo studies show a powerful impact of ZnO on bacteria, it is anticipated that this method of
treatment will be utilized by hospitals.